General:
- Firefox - Not necessarily the best browser, but it has the best plugins.
- NoScript - Makes browsing tolerable. Blocks a bunch of evil. Has a learning curve: RTFM.
- Classic Shell - Provides a Win7-style Start button/menu/taskbar under Win8.
- Clover - Adds tabs to Windows Explorer
- Foxit PDF reader - Better than Adobe
- LibreOffice - Covers 99% of what I'd need from Microsoft.
- 7-Zip - The best all-platform archive handler.
- Cygwin (32-bit) - A full GNU/Posix environment under Windows.
- MobaXterm - Multi-tab terminal and X11 environment. Better than CygwinX, includes Cygwin subset.
- Geany - My favorite lightweight IDE for all-platforms (even RasPi).
- TortoiseGit - Becoming the global revision control system of choice.
- TortoiseSVN - The prior RCS champ, still very popular.
- DesignSpark Mechanical and PCB - Free schematic entry, layout and MCAD.
- yEd Graph Editor - Faster and easier than Graphviz.
- Anaconda (64-bit) - Ginormous Python environment (all of SciPy and more).
- Node.js - Javascript is everywhere. Deal with it.
- SysInternals Suite - Everything needed to control Windows.
- CCleaner - Even new systems need cleaning.
- EaseUS Todo Free - Backup & cloning toolset.
There are several multi-platform numerical and symbolic analysis apps I used to install, but I'm trying to force myself to stay within the Scientific Python environment. Still a bit of a learning curve, but it's coming along. There are lots of reasons for this, but that's a separate post.